STEM Talent: Education, Training, and Workforce

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)

Figure TAL-1 Size of the workforce, by occupational group and education level: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-2 Workforce, by occupational group and sex: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-3 Share of workers of each racial or ethnic group employed in STEM occupations, by race or ethnicity: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-4 Workforce, by occupational group and educational attainment: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-5 Field of study of highest degree and occupational group of S&E, S&E-related, and non-STEM workers with a bachelor's or an advanced degree: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates

Figure TAL-6 Unemployment rate, by occupational group: 2013–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-7 Workers, by occupational group and rural/urban classification: Five-year sample, 2019–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-8 Workers, by occupational group, rural/urban classification, and educational attainment: Five-year sample, 2019–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-9 Size of the workforce, by occupational group: 2013–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-10 Projected employment size, by occupational group: 2024 and 2034 Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections

Figure TAL-11 Share of STEM workers with credentials, by credential type and educational attainment: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation

Figure TAL-12 Measures of population with a bachelor's or an advanced degree, by field of study, sex, and race and ethnicity: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates

Figure TAL-13 Share of workers in R&D-intensive industries, by occupational group: 2017 and 2022 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-14 Share of workers in occupational groups, by R&D intensity: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Figure TAL-15 Average scores of students in grades 4 and 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment: 1990–2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Figure TAL-16 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by percentile: 1990–2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Figure TAL-17 Average scores of students in grades 4 and 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by sex and socioeconomic status: 2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Figure TAL-18 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by teacher characteristics: 2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Figure TAL-19 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by state: 2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Figure TAL-21 S&E awards conferred, by award level: 2013–23 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-22 S&E degrees as a percentage of total degrees awarded: 2013 and 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-23 S&E undergraduate degrees awarded, by field: 2013 and 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-24 S&E graduate degrees awarded, by field: 2013 and 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-25 S&E-related awards conferred, by award level: 2013–23 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-26 Share of bachelor's degrees awarded in S&E fields, by state: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-27 Share of doctoral degrees awarded in S&E fields, by state: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Figure TAL-28 S&E and S&E-related degrees awarded, by sex, field, and degree level: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-29 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by sex and field: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-30 Race and ethnicity of U.S. resident population, ages 20–34, and U.S. citizen and permanent resident S&E award recipients, by degree level: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program

Figure TAL-31 Share of S&E degrees awarded to temporary visa holders, by degree level: 2013–23 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-32 S&E and S&E-related associate's degrees awarded, by institution type: 2013–23 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-33 Broad field for S&E associate's degrees awarded by community colleges: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-34 Broad field for S&E-related associate's degrees awarded by community colleges: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Figure TAL-35 Doctorate recipients who earned college credit at a community or 2-year college, by field: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Figure TAL-36 Among fall 2009 ninth graders who completed a postsecondary STEM degree by 2021, percentage who completed a bachelor's degree or a certificate or an associate's degree, by select student characteristics National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Study of 2009

Figure TAL-37 S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduation commitments in the United States, by citizenship status and field of doctorate: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Figure TAL-38 S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduation commitments in the United States, by type of commitment, citizenship status, and major field of doctorate: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Figure TAL-39 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the TIMSS mathematics and science scales among participating advanced economies, by education system: 2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

Figure TAL-40 Average scores of U.S. students in grade 8 on the TIMSS mathematics and science scales: 1995–2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

Figure TAL-41 Average scores of U.S. students in grade 8 on the ICILS computer science assessment, by sex: 2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement International Computer and Information Literacy Study

Figure TAL-42 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected country: 2015–22 Government of India, Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education All India Survey on Higher Education

Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China Higher Education Data

National Bureau of Statistics of China China Statistical Yearbook

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Education at a Glance

Figure TAL-43 Doctoral degrees awarded, by S&E field and selected country: 2022 Government of India, Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education All India Survey on Higher Education

Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China Higher Education Data

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Education at a Glance

Figure TAL-44 Stay rates for U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients with temporary visas at graduation: 2003–23 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Doctorate Recipients

Table STAL-1 Workers, by occupational group, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, geography, and major industries: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-2 Working-age individuals, by occupational group and employment status: 2013–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-3 Representation of STEM workers, by occupational group, across states: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-4 Workers, by state, occupational group, and educational attainment: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-5 Participation in the workforce, by state and occupational group: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-6 STEM workforce, by state, occupational group, and education level: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-7 Workers, by rural-urban classification, occupational group, and educational attainment: Five-year sample, 2019–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-8 Workers, by state and occupational group: 2013–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-9 Employment projections: 2024–34 Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections

Table STAL-10 STEM workers, by occupational group, credential type, credential attainment, and educational attainment: 2024 U.S. Census Bureau Survey of Income and Program Participation

Table STAL-11 Measures of population with a bachelor's or an advanced degree, by field of study, race and ethnicity, and sex: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates

Table STAL-12 Workforce, STEM workforce by place of birth, and the educational attainment and citizenship status of the foreign-born STEM workforce, by major industry: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-13 Industries with R&D intensity higher than the average across industries: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-14 Workers, by occupational group, educational level, and industry: 2017 and 2022 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table STAL-15 Average scores of students in grades 4 and 8 on the NAEP mathematics assessment, by student grade and characteristic: 1990–2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table STAL-16 Percentile scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12 on the NAEP mathematics assessment: 1990–2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table STAL-17 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by school enrichment offerings: 2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table STAL-18 Average scores of students in grades 4 and 8 on the NAEP mathematics assessment, by region and school location: 2003–24 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table STAL-19 Average scores of students in grade 12 on the NAEP mathematics assessment, by student characteristic: 2005–24 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table STAL-20 Degrees awarded, by degree level, citizenship status, and field: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Table STAL-21 Among fall 2009 ninth graders who enrolled in a postsecondary major by December 2017, number who completed a STEM degree, non-STEM degree or no degree: June 2021 National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Study of 2009

Table STAL-22 Average scores of 15-year-old students on the PISA mathematics and science literacy scales, by OECD education system: 2022 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Program for International Student Assessment

Table STAL-23 Average CIL and CT scores of students in grade 8 on the ICILS computer science assessment, by education system: 2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement International Computer and Information Literacy Study

Table STAL-24 Average scores of students in grade 8 on the TIMSS mathematics and science scales among participating economies, by education system: 2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

Table TAL-2 Median earnings of full-time, year-round workers, by educational attainment and occupational group: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-3 Share of STEM workforce, by state: 2013–23 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-4 Workers, by region of birth and occupational group: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-5 Foreign-born workers, by selected region, country, or economy of origin and occupational group: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-6 Citizenship status of foreign-born STEM workers, by selected region, country, or economy of origin: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-7 Measures of population with a bachelor's or an advanced degree, by field of study: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates

Table TAL-8 Workers in major industries, by occupational group: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-9 STEM workforce and the educational attainment, citizenship status, and country or economy of the foreign-born STEM workforce, by major industry: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey

Table TAL-10 Average scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12 on the main NAEP mathematics assessment, by race or ethnicity: 2024 National Center for Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress

Table TAL-11 S&E-related degrees awarded, by degree level and field: 2013 and 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Table TAL-12 Recent recipients of their first bachelor's degrees who reported attending community college, by timing of attendance and broad field area: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics National Survey of College Graduates

Table TAL-13 Degrees awarded by HBCUs and TCCUs, by degree level and field area: 2023 National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Completions Survey

Table TAL-14 Among fall 2009 ninth graders who started as a STEM major and completed a postsecondary degree by 2021, percentage who completed a STEM degree, by student characteristics National Center for Education Statistics High School Longitudinal Study of 2009

Table TAL-15 S&E doctorate recipients with definite postgraduation commitments, by location of commitments, citizenship status, and field of doctorate: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Table TAL-16 Average CIL and CT scores of U.S. students in grade 8, by race or ethnicity and school poverty level: 2023 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement International Computer and Information Literacy Study

Table TAL-17 Postgraduation plans of U.S. S&E doctorates on temporary resident visas to stay in the United States, by broad field of doctorate and country or economy of origin: 2012–23 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Earned Doctorates

Table TAL-18 U.S. stay rates for S&E doctorates holding temporary U.S. visas at doctoral graduation, by key characteristics: 2023 National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Survey of Doctorate Recipients

Table TAL-19 Internationally mobile students enrolled in tertiary education, by selected country of destination: 2017–23 UNESCO Institute for Statistics UIS.Stat database

Report Tables

Supplemental Tables

Acknowledgments and Citation

Acknowledgments

Citation