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The STEM Labor Force of Today: Scientists, Engineers, and Skilled Technical Workers

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Labor Force
2022
August 2021
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  • Executive Summary
  • Introduction
  • U.S. STEM Workforce: Definition, Size, and Growth
    • A Traditional Definition: S&E Workers in the STEM Workforce
    • A New Expanded Definition of the STEM Workforce
    • Size of the STEM Workforce
    • Growth of the STEM Workforce
  • STEM Pathways: Degree Attainment, Training, and Occupations
    • Education and Training of Workers in STEM
    • Application of STEM Skills and Expertise by Non-S&E Workers
  • STEM Labor Market Conditions and the Economy
    • Unemployment
    • Working Involuntarily Part Time or Out of One’s Field of Highest Degree
    • Earnings
    • Recent Graduates
    • Postdoctoral Positions
    • Employment Sectors
    • Geographic Distribution of the STEM Workforce
    • Industry Employment
    • Academic Employment
    • Research and Development Activities
  • Participation of Demographic Groups in STEM
    • Women in STEM
    • Representation of Race or Ethnicity in STEM
    • Salary Differences across Sex and Race or Ethnicity
    • Intersectionality in STEM
    • Foreign-Born Workers in STEM
  • Conclusion
  • Glossary
    • Definitions
    • Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Acknowledgments and Citation
    • Acknowledgments
    • Citation
  • Supplemental Materials
    • Supplemental Tables
    • General Methodology
  • Data
    • Tables
    • Figures
    • Data Sources
  • Downloads
  • Contact Us
    • Report Author
    • NCSES
  • Executive Summary
  • Introduction
  • U.S. STEM Workforce: Definition, Size, and Growth
    • A Traditional Definition: S&E Workers in the STEM Workforce
    • A New Expanded Definition of the STEM Workforce
    • Size of the STEM Workforce
    • Growth of the STEM Workforce
  • STEM Pathways: Degree Attainment, Training, and Occupations
    • Education and Training of Workers in STEM
    • Application of STEM Skills and Expertise by Non-S&E Workers
  • STEM Labor Market Conditions and the Economy
    • Unemployment
    • Working Involuntarily Part Time or Out of One’s Field of Highest Degree
    • Earnings
    • Recent Graduates
    • Postdoctoral Positions
    • Employment Sectors
    • Geographic Distribution of the STEM Workforce
    • Industry Employment
    • Academic Employment
    • Research and Development Activities
  • Participation of Demographic Groups in STEM
    • Women in STEM
    • Representation of Race or Ethnicity in STEM
    • Salary Differences across Sex and Race or Ethnicity
    • Intersectionality in STEM
    • Foreign-Born Workers in STEM
  • Conclusion
  • Glossary
    • Definitions
    • Key to Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • References
  • Notes
  • Acknowledgments and Citation
    • Acknowledgments
    • Citation
  • Supplemental Materials
    • Supplemental Tables
    • General Methodology
  • Data
    • Tables
    • Figures
    • Data Sources
  • Downloads
  • Contact Us
    • Report Author
    • NCSES

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Report Report PDF, PDF (2.1 MB) Intentionally blank  Intentionally blank  All Report content as a ZIP file, All (.zip 11.2 MB)
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Tables Report Table PDFs as a ZIP file, PDF (.zip 460 KB) Report Table Excels as a ZIP file, XLSX (.zip 46 KB) Intentionally blank  Report Table PDFs and Excels as a ZIP file, All (.zip 506 KB)
Figures Report Figure PDFs as a ZIP file, PDF (.zip 3.8 MB) Report Figure Excels as a ZIP file, XLSX (.zip 223 KB) Report Figure Images as a ZIP file, PNG (.zip 4.6 MB) Report Figure PDFs, Excels, and Images as a ZIP file, All (.zip 8.6 MB)
Supplemental Materials Intentionally blank  Intentionally blank  Intentionally blank  All Supplemental Materials as a ZIP file, All (.zip 5.1 MB)
S​upplemental Tables Supplemental Tables PDF, PDF (1.9 MB) Supplemental Tables Table and Figure PDFs as a ZIP file, XLSX (.zip 428 KB) Intentionally blank  Supplemental Tables Tables and Figures as a ZIP file, All (.zip 5.1 MB)
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Authors

Abigail Okrent and Amy Burke
August 31, 2021
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